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An integrated approach to site-specific management zone delineation

Yuxin MIAO, David J. MULLA, Pierre C. ROBERT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第4期   页码 432-441 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018230

摘要：

Dividing fields into a few relatively homogeneous management zones (MZ) is a practical and cost-effective approach to precision agriculture. There are three basic approaches to MZ delineation using soil and/or landscape properties, yield information, and both sources of information. The objective of this study is to propose an integrated approach to delineating site-specific MZ using relative elevation, organic matter, slope, electrical conductivity, yield spatial trend map, and yield temporal stability map (ROSE-YSTTS) and evaluate it against two other approaches using only soil and landscape information (ROSE) or clustering multiple year yield maps (CMYYM). The study was carried out on two no-till corn-soybean rotation fields in eastern Illinois, USA. Two years of nitrogen (N) rate experiments were conducted in Field B to evaluate the delineated MZs for site-specific N management. It was found that in general the ROSE approach was least effective in accounting for crop yield variability (8.0%–9.8%), while the CMYYM approach was least effective in accounting for soil and landscape (8.9%–38.1%), and soil nutrient and pH variability (9.4%–14.5%). The integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach was reasonably effective in accounting for the three sources of variability (38.6%–48.9%, 16.1%–17.3% and 13.2%–18.7% for soil and landscape, nutrient and pH, and yield variability, respectively), being either the best or second best approach. It was also found that the ROSE-YSTTS approach was effective in defining zones with high, medium and low economically optimum N rates. It is concluded that the integrated ROSE-YSTTS approach combining soil, landscape and yield spatial-temporal variability information can overcome the weaknesses of approaches using only soil, landscape or yield information, and is more robust for MZ delineation. It also has the potential for site-specific N management for improved economic returns. More studies are needed to further evaluate their appropriateness for precision N and crop management.

关键词： economically optimum nitrogen rate     fuzzy cluster analysis     precision nitrogen management     site-specific management     soil landscape property     yield map    

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PLANT DENSITY, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020355

摘要：

Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate current maize production at the field scale, analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors, and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps. An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-western China, managed with border and drip irrigation, respectively, in 2015 and 2016. The relative yield reached 70% in both years. However, drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation, accounting for 44% of the maize evapotranspiration (ET). Yield variability under drip irrigation was 12.1%, lower than the 18.8% under border irrigation. Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8% to 10% might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors. Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved. In conclusion, closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic, irrigation and fertilizer management, using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.

 

关键词： boundary line analysis     irrigation method     precision agriculture     spatial variability     yield gaps     yield-limiting factors    

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The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China

Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 179-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015058

摘要： Traditional agricultural practices have resulted in decreased soil fertility, shortage of water resources and deterioration of agricultural ecological environment, which are seriously affecting grain production. Conservation tillage (CT) research has been developed and applied in China since the 1960s and 1970s, and a series of development policies have been issued by the Chinese government. Recent research and application have shown that CT has positive effects on crop yields in China. According to the data from the Conservation Tillage Research Center (CTRC), Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), the mean crop yield increase can be at least 4% in double cropping systems in the North China Plain and 6% in single cropping systems in the dryland areas of North-east and North-west China. Crop yield increase was particularly significant in dryland areas and drought years. The mechanism for the yield increase in CT system can be attributed to enhanced soil water content and improved soil properties. Development strategies have been implemented to accelerate the adoption of CT in China.

关键词： conservation tillage     crop yield     soil structure     development strategies    

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Multiple input self-organizing-map ResNet model for optimization of petroleum refinery conversion units

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期   页码 759-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2269-5

摘要： This work introduces a deep-learning network, i.e., multi-input self-organizing-map ResNet (MISR), for modeling refining units comprised of two reactors and a separation train. The model is comprised of self-organizing-map and the neural network parts. The self-organizing-map part maps the input data into multiple two-dimensional planes and sends them to the neural network part. In the neural network part, residual blocks enhance the convergence and accuracy, ensuring that the structure will not be overfitted easily. Development of the MISR model of hydrocracking unit also benefits from the utilization of prior knowledge of the importance of the input variables for predicting properties of the products. The results show that the proposed MISR structure predicts more accurately the product yields and properties than the previously introduced self-organizing-map convolutional neural network model, thus leading to more accurate optimization of the hydrocracker operation. Moreover, the MISR model has smoother error convergence than the previous model. Optimal operating conditions have been determined via multi-round-particle-swarm and differential evolution algorithms. Numerical experiments show that the MISR model is suitable for modeling nonlinear conversion units which are often encountered in refining and petrochemical plants.

关键词： hydrocracking     convolutional neural networks     self-organizing map     deep learning     data-driven optimization    

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Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 277-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015081

摘要： Super hybrid rice breeding is a new breeding method combining semi-dwarf breeding and heterosis breeding using germplasm and gene-environment interactions. This paper reviews the breeding strategies of super hybrid rice breeding in China, focusing on the utilization of heterosis of indica and japonica subspecies, construction of ideal plant architecture and pyramiding of disease resistant genes in restorer lines. To develop super hybrid rice, considerable effort should be made to explore genes related with high yield, good quality, resistance to pests and diseases, tolerance to stresses. Molecular breeding methods in combination with crossing techniques should be adopted in super hybrid rice breeding.

关键词： super hybrid rice     breeding strategies     yield potential    

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Highlight yield forming and innovative technologies in tropical crops

Wenquan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 283-284 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016128

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A bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of

Yuhua FU,Zhiqiang XIA,Shujuan WANG,Xin CHEN,Cheng LU,Mingcheng LUO,Hongbin ZHANG,Wenquan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 321-329 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016124

摘要： Cassava ( ) is known as the third most important food crop in the tropics and also used for industrial feedstock for biofuels. Two new bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were constructed for W14 ( ssp. ), a wild ancestor of domesticated cassava. The libraries were constructed with RI and dIII insertion vectors, respectively. The RI library has 29952 clones with an average insert size of 115 kb, while the dIII library consists of 29952 clones with an average insert of 129 kb. The combined libraries contain a total of 59904 clones with an average insert size of 125 kb, representing approximately 10 × haploid genome equivalents. A total of 29952 clones were fingerprinted and resulted in a cassava physical map composed of 2485 contigs with an average physical length of 336 kb and 2909 singletons, representing approximately 762 Mb of the cassava genome. 5000 clones located at the ends of BAC contigs were selected and sequenced. A total of 6077 SNPs and 231 indels were identified, that covered 459 gene sequences, of which 6 genes were associated with starch and sucrose metabolism. This BAC-based physical map provides valuable tools to understand the genetics and evolution of cassava.

关键词： cassava     BAC library     physical map    

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自动驾驶地图有关政策的思考和建议

刘经南,董杨,詹骄,高柯夫

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第3期   页码 92-97 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.03.004

摘要：

自动驾驶地图作为实现汽车自动驾驶的关键基础设施，对于推动我国自动驾驶领域的商业化开发至关重要。现阶段，我国受地图测绘、应用和监管等相关法律法规的制度掣肘，在自动驾驶地图的产业化进程方面相对滞后。为此，本文着重分析了我国在自动驾驶地图开发、应用和管理中面临的主要政策法规问题：自动驾驶地图是否需加密的问题、自动驾驶地图部分地理信息表达受限的问题、自动驾驶地图地理信息采集资质和审图流程的问题、自动驾驶地图事故责任和保险问题、自动驾驶地图相关测试规范和测试场景问题。同时结合国内外自动驾驶领域的发展趋势，给出加快我国自动驾驶汽车开发和商业化进程的四点建议：制定自动驾驶地图管理模式、允许自动驾驶地图应用试点及有序开放、适当放开企业权限及优化审核流程、建立国家级自动驾驶地图平台。

关键词： 自动驾驶地图     自动驾驶法规     自动驾驶政策    

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用航空航天影像更新地形图地物要素的栅格化方法

林宗坚

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第4期   页码 43-47

摘要：

文章针对当前我国1:5和1:1万地形图更新的大规模生产的迫切需求，提出在原有地形图栅格式数字化的基础上，叠加经过精密纠正配准的航空或卫星遥感影像，以栅格方式更新地物要素的全过程方法。文中特别阐述了：1）地形图栅格数字化不同于矢量数字化的扫描采样分辨率问题；2）区别于传统的“针孔式”控制点概念的图像图形阵列控制点技术；3）由于DEM（数字高程模型）数据缺乏或精度不足引起的航空航天影像与地形图图形配准误差的局部纠正方法；4）定性指导定量的影像判读方法；5）从遥感影像提取地物结构信息的半自动化方法。文章最后列出

关键词： 测绘遥感     地形图更新     数字栅格地图    

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YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ALMOND, PEACH AND PLUM UNDER REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 583-593 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020325

摘要：

The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the performance of almond cv. Tuono, peach cv. JH-Hall and plum cv. Stanley were assessed on the Saiss Plain (NW, Morocco) over three consecutive growing seasons (2011–2013). Irrigation treatments consisted of a control, irrigation applied to fully satisfy crop water requirements (100% ETC), and two RDI treatments, irrigation applied to 75% ETC (RDI-75) and 50% ETC (RDI-50). These three treatments were applied during fruit-growth slowdown periods corresponding to Stages II and III in almond and Stage II in peach and plum. Yield and fruit quality traits were determined. The effect of RDI differed between species. Yield and fruit size were reduced significantly only in peach under RDI-50. Fruit quality improved in this species in the first year of the experiment, with an increase of sugar/acid ratio and polyphenol content. Plum quality also improved but the effects were significant only in the second and third years. Similar results were recorded in almond kernel, but their epidermal grooves were deeper under RDI-50, and this may have affected their commercial value. It is concluded that water can be saved during the fruit-growth slowdown period by up to 25% in peach and 50% in almond and plum with improvements in fruit quality without affecting total yield.

 

关键词： fruit quality / fruit yield / Prunus domestica / Prunus dulcis / Prunus persica / regulated deficit irrigation    

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Estimating the effect of urease inhibitor on rice yield based on NDVI at key growth stages

Kailou LIU,Yazhen LI,Huiwen HU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第2期   页码 150-157 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014028

摘要： The effect of the urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) at a range of application rates on rice production was examined in a field experiment at Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, China. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was measured at key growth stages in both early and late rice. The results showed that the grain yield increased significantly when urea was applied with NBPT, with the highest yield observed at 1.00% NBPT (wt/wt). NDVI differed with the growth stage of rice; it remained steady from the heading to the filling stage. Rice yield could be predicted from the NDVI taken at key rice growing stages, with ranging from 0.34 to 0.69 in early rice and 0.49 to 0.70 in late rice. The validation test showed that RMSE (t·hm ) values were 0.77 and 0.87 in early and late rice, respectively. Therefore, it was feasible to estimate rice yield for different amounts of urease inhibitor using NDVI.

关键词： normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)     N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)     rice     grain yield    

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Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

Yonggui XIAO,Jianjun LIU,Haosheng LI,Xinyou CAO,Xianchun XIA,Zhonghu HE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第2期   页码 168-178 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015061

摘要： Improved lodging resistance is important for achieving high yield in irrigated environments. This study was conducted to determine genotypic variation in lodging resistance and related morphological traits among winter wheat cultivars planted at two densities, and to identify key traits associated with lodging resistance. Lodging performance of 28 genotypes, including 24 released cultivars and four advanced lines, was evaluated at 250 plants per square meter and 500 plants per square meter in Shandong province during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 crop seasons. At the higher density, the average grain yield was 2.6% higher, even though lodging score rose by as much as 136%. The higher planting density increased lodging through increased leaf area index (LAI), plant height, center of gravity and length of basal internodes, and reduced grain weight per spike and diameter of the lower two stem internodes. LAI, center of gravity and diameter of first internodes, as the important indicators for lodging resistance, were significantly correlated with lodging score, with = 0.62, 0.59 and −0.52 ( <0.01), respectively. Plant pushing resistance was significantly associated with diameter and length of the first internodes ( = 0.71–0.77, <0.01), indicating it could be used to assess the strength of the lower stem. Higher planting density could be used to select genotypes with lodging resistance in irrigated environments. Cultivars carrying high plant density tolerance and high yield potential, such as Jimai 22 and Liangxing 66, were recommended as leading cultivars for production as well as elite crossing parents for further increasing yield potential in the Yellow and Huai Valleys Winter Wheat Zone in China.

关键词： common wheat     yield potential     lodging performance     pushing resistance     leaf area index    

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Relationship between the number of tapping-induced secondary laticifer lines and rubber yield among

Yueyi CHEN,Xinsheng GAO,Xiaofei ZHANG,Weimin TIAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 363-367 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016122

摘要： The lack of suitable early selection parameters means that traditional rubber breeding for yield is time-consuming and inefficient. Laticifer is a tissue specific for natural rubber biosynthesis and storage in rubber tree. The number of the secondary laticifers in the trunk bark tissues is positively correlated with rubber yield in the matured rubber trees that are regularly tapped. In the present study, the rubber yield from 280 of 4–5 year-old virgin trees from 7 cross combinations was compared with the number of newly differentiated secondary laticifers caused by tapping. Results showed that the number of tapping-induced lines of secondary laticifers varied in different germplasm and was positively related to the rubber yield, indicating this could be used as a suitable parameter for early evaluation of yield potential of rubber trees.

关键词： Hevea brasiliensis     rubber yield breeding     early evaluation     tapping     secondary laticifer differentiation    

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PLANT DENSITY, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL

Xiuwei GUO, Manoj Kumar SHUKLA, Di WU, Shichao CHEN, Donghao LI, Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 525-544 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020355

摘要： Agriculture faces the dual challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. Here, we investigate current maize production at the field scale, analyze the yield gaps and impacting factors, and recommend measures for sustainably closing yield gaps. An experiment was conducted on a 3.9-ha maize seed production field in arid north-west China, managed with border and drip irrigation, respectively, in 2015 and 2016. The relative yield reached 70% in both years. However, drip irrigation saved 227 mm irrigation water during a drier growing season compared with traditional border irrigation, accounting for 44% of the maize evapotranspiration (ET). Yield variability under drip irrigation was 12.1%, lower than the 18.8% under border irrigation. Boundary line analysis indicates that a relative yield increase of 8% to 10% might be obtained by optimizing the yield-limiting factors. Plant density and soil available water content and available nitrogen were the three major factors involved. In conclusion, closing yield gaps with agricultural sustainability may be realized by optimizing agronomic, irrigation and fertilizer management, using water-saving irrigation methods and using site-specific management.

关键词： boundary line analysis     irrigation method     precision agriculture     spatial variability     yield gaps     yield-limiting factors    

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Optimization of process parameters for mature landfill leachate pretreatment using MAP precipitation

Wei LI, Xiaowen DING, Min LIU, Yuewen GUO, Lei LIU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 892-900 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0440-9

摘要： Chemical precipitation is a useful technology as a pretreatment to treat mature landfill leachate with high concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen ( ) and refractory organic compounds. Orthogonal experiments and factorial experiments were carried out to determine the optimal conditions enhancing the magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) precipitation process, and the experimental results demonstrated that the removal rate of was more than 85% when MgO and NaH PO ·2H O were applied as external sources of magnesium and phosphorous under the optimal conditions that molar ratio n(Mg)∶n(N)∶n(P) = 1.4∶1∶0.8, reaction time 60 min, original pH of leachate and settling time 30 min. In the precipitation process, pH could be maintained at the optimal range of 8–9.5 because MgO could release hydroxide ions to consume hydrogen ions. Calcium ions and carbonate ions existed in the leachate could affect the precipitation process, which resulted in the decrease of removal efficiency. The residues of MAP sediments decomposed by heating under alkaline conditions can be reused as the sources of phosphorous and magnesium for the removal of high concentrations of , and up to 90% of ammonium could be released under molar ratio of n[OH]∶n[MAP] = 2.5∶1, heating temperature 90°C and heating time 2h.

关键词： magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation     mature landfill leachate     optimization     ammonium-nitrogen    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

An integrated approach to site-specific management zone delineation

Yuxin MIAO, David J. MULLA, Pierre C. ROBERT

期刊论文

PLANT DENSITY, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL

期刊论文

The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China

Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG

期刊论文

Multiple input self-organizing-map ResNet model for optimization of petroleum refinery conversion units

期刊论文

Breeding strategies for increasing yield potential in super hybrid rice

Shihua CHENG,Xiaodeng ZHAN,Liyong CAO

期刊论文

Highlight yield forming and innovative technologies in tropical crops

Wenquan WANG

期刊论文

A bacterial artificial chromosome-based physical map of

Yuhua FU,Zhiqiang XIA,Shujuan WANG,Xin CHEN,Cheng LU,Mingcheng LUO,Hongbin ZHANG,Wenquan WANG

期刊论文

自动驾驶地图有关政策的思考和建议

刘经南,董杨,詹骄,高柯夫

期刊论文

用航空航天影像更新地形图地物要素的栅格化方法

林宗坚

期刊论文

YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ALMOND, PEACH AND PLUM UNDER REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION

期刊论文

Estimating the effect of urease inhibitor on rice yield based on NDVI at key growth stages

Kailou LIU,Yazhen LI,Huiwen HU

期刊论文

Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

Yonggui XIAO,Jianjun LIU,Haosheng LI,Xinyou CAO,Xianchun XIA,Zhonghu HE

期刊论文

Relationship between the number of tapping-induced secondary laticifer lines and rubber yield among

Yueyi CHEN,Xinsheng GAO,Xiaofei ZHANG,Weimin TIAN

期刊论文

PLANT DENSITY, IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN MANAGEMENT: THREE MAJOR PRACTICES IN CLOSING YIELD GAPS FOR AGRICULTURAL

Xiuwei GUO, Manoj Kumar SHUKLA, Di WU, Shichao CHEN, Donghao LI, Taisheng DU

期刊论文

Optimization of process parameters for mature landfill leachate pretreatment using MAP precipitation

Wei LI, Xiaowen DING, Min LIU, Yuewen GUO, Lei LIU

期刊论文